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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">TRIM5α</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Protein_" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Protein">

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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">TRIM5α
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<td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; font-weight:bold;">nach <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ECV">2ECV</a></span>
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<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p>Vorhandene Strukturdaten: <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ECV">2ECV</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2YRG">2YRG</a></span>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;;">Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
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<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Masse</a>/Länge <a href="Prim%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Primärstruktur">Primärstruktur</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">493 Aminosäuren
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<td><a href="Sekund%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Sekundärstruktur">Sekundär-</a> bis <a href="Quart%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Quartärstruktur">Quartärstruktur</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Homotrimer (α)
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<td><a href="Isoform" title="Isoform">Isoformen</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">α, β, γ, δ, ε
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Bezeichner
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<td><a href="Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Gen-Namen</a>
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<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=16276">TRIM5</a></i>, RNF88
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<td>Externe IDs
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<td colspan="2" class="">
<ul><li><a href="Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>:&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/608487">608487</a></li>
<li><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9C035">Q9C035</a></li>
<li><a href="Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>:&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:2441735">2441735</a></li></ul>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Enzymklassifikation
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<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC, Kategorie</a>
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<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=6.3.2.-">6.3.2.-</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligase</a>
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<td>Reaktionsart
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Auto-Ubiquitinylierung
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Vorkommen
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Homologie-Familie
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hogenom.univ-lyon1.fr/query_sequence?seq=Q9C035">Hovergen</a>
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<td colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122; text-align:center;"><a href="Homologie_(Genetik)#Homologie_zwischen_verdoppelten_oder_fremden_Genen" title="Homologie (Genetik)">Orthologe</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Mensch
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Hausmaus
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Entrez_Gene" title="Entrez Gene">Entrez</a>
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&amp;cmd=retrieve&amp;dopt=default&amp;list_uids=85363&amp;rn=1">85363</a></span>
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&amp;cmd=retrieve&amp;dopt=default&amp;list_uids=319236&amp;rn=1">319236</a></span>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Ensembl" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a>
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<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000132256;db=core">ENSG00000132256</a></small></small></span>
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<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000057143;db=core">ENSMUSG00000057143</a></small></small></span>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9C035">Q9C035</a>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (mRNA)
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_033034">NM_033034</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001146007">NM_001146007</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (Protein)
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_149023">NP_149023</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001139479">NP_001139479</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Genlocus" title="Genlocus">Genlocus</a>
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<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human?db=hg38&amp;position=chr11:5663557-5938619">Chr 11: 5.66 – 5.94 Mb</a> </span>
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<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=mm10&amp;position=chr7:104338754-104353362">Chr 7: 104.34 – 104.35 Mb</a> </span>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>-Suche
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&amp;cmd=Link&amp;LinkName=gene_pubmed&amp;from_uid=85363">85363</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&amp;cmd=Link&amp;LinkName=gene_pubmed&amp;from_uid=319236">319236</a></span>
<p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>TRIM5α</b> (auch <b>TRIM5alpha</b> oder <b>TRIM5-alpha</b>) ist ein <a href="Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a>, das in den Zellen der meisten <a href="Primaten" title="Primaten">Primaten</a> vorkommt und gegen verschiedene <a href="Infektion" title="Infektion">Infektionen</a> mit <a href="Retroviren" title="Retroviren">Retroviren</a> wirkt. Es bewirkt, dass Affen nicht mit <a href="HIV" title="HIV">HIV-1</a> infiziert werden können und verhindert im Menschen die Infektion mit einigen anderen Retroviren. Gemeinsam mit der <a href="APOBEC3G" class="mw-redirect" title="APOBEC3G">APOBEC3G</a>-Proteinfamilie und dem erst kürzlich entdeckten Protein <a href="Tetherin" title="Tetherin">Tetherin</a> bildet TRIM5α einen wichtigen Teil der angeborenen <a href="Immunit%C3%A4t_(Medizin)" title="Immunität (Medizin)">Immunität</a> gegen Retroviren.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirchhoff_2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchhoff_2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19929170_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19929170-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das humane TRIM5α besteht aus 493 <a href="Aminos%C3%A4ure" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminosäure">Aminosäuren</a> und der <a href="Genlocus" title="Genlocus">Genlocus</a> befindet sich auf <a href="Chromosom_11_(Mensch)" title="Chromosom 11 (Mensch)">Chromosom 11</a>. TRIM5α gehört zur TRIM-Proteinfamilie, die 1992 von Reddy<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beschrieben wurde als Proteine, die eine RING finger zinc binding domain und eine B-box zinc binding domain gefolgt von einer a <a href="Coiled-Coil" title="Coiled-Coil">coiled-coil</a> Region besitzen. „TRIM“ steht daher für „TRIpartite Motif“, d.&nbsp;h. dreigeteiltes Motiv.
</p><p><a href="Meerkatzenverwandte" title="Meerkatzenverwandte">Meerkatzenverwandte</a> können zwar nicht mit HIV-1 infiziert werden, jedoch mit <a href="Simianes_Immundefizienz-Virus" title="Simianes Immundefizienz-Virus">SIV</a>, einem nahe verwandten Virus. 2004 isolierten Stremlau u. a. TRIM5α aus Rhesusaffen und identifizierten das Protein als verantwortlich für den „Block“ gegen HIV-1. Das humane TRIM5α richtet sich nicht gegen HIV-1, inhibiert aber die Retroviren <a href="Murines_Leuk%C3%A4mievirus" title="Murines Leukämievirus">MLV</a> und <a href="EIAV" class="mw-redirect" title="EIAV">EIAV</a>.
</p><p>Wenn ein Retrovirus in das Cytoplasma einer Zelle eintritt, zerfällt das <a href="Kapsid" title="Kapsid">Kapsid</a> (Uncoating), die <a href="RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a> wird freigesetzt und die <a href="Reverse_Transkription" title="Reverse Transkription">Reverse Transkription</a> kann stattfinden.
TRIM5α, das im Cytoplasma vorliegt, erkennt ein Proteinmotiv innerhalb des Kapsid-Proteins des Virus und stört den Uncoating-Prozess, so dass die nachfolgende Reverse Transkription nicht stattfinden kann und das Virusgenom nicht in den Zellkern eingeschleust werden kann. Der Mechanismus ist noch nicht im Detail bekannt. Es wird vermutet, dass weitere zelluläre Proteine an dem Prozess beteiligt sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Kirchhoff_2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kirchhoff_2010_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Kirchhoff: <cite style="font-style:italic">"Optimale" Anpassung pandemischer HIV-1-Stämme an den Menschen</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">BIOspektrum</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, 2010, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>144–148</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:TRIM5%CE%B1&amp;rft.atitle=%22Optimale%22+Anpassung+pandemischer+HIV-1-St%C3%A4mme+an+den+Menschen&amp;rft.au=F.+Kirchhoff&amp;rft.btitle=BIOspektrum&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=144-148&amp;rft.volume=2" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pmid19929170-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19929170_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Tokarev u. a.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Antiviral activity of the interferon-induced cellular protein BST-2/tetherin</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>25</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>12</span>, Dezember 2009, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1197–1210</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929170?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19929170</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:TRIM5%CE%B1&amp;rft.atitle=Antiviral+activity+of+the+interferon-induced+cellular+protein+BST-2%2Ftetherin&amp;rft.au=A.+Tokarev+u.+a.&amp;rft.date=2009-12&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=AIDS+Res+Hum+Retroviruses&amp;rft.pages=1197-1210&amp;rft.pmid=19929170&amp;rft.volume=25" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. A. Reddy, L. D. Etkin, P. S. Freemont: <i>A novel zinc finger coiled-coil domain in a family of nuclear proteins</i>. In: <i><a href="Trends_Biochem_Sci" class="mw-redirect" title="Trends Biochem Sci">Trends Biochem Sci</a>.</i> 17, 1992, S. 344–345. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1412709?dopt=Abstract">PMID 1412709</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>S. Nisole, J. P. Stoye, A. Saib: <i>TRIM family proteins: retroviral restriction and antiviral defence.</i> In: <i><a href="Nat_Rev_Microbiol" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Rev Microbiol">Nat Rev Microbiol</a>.</i> 3(10), 2005 Oct, S. 799–808. Review. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16175175?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16175175</a></li>
<li>M. Emerman: <i>How TRIM5alpha defends against retroviral invasions.</i> In: <i><a href="Proc_Natl_Acad_Sci_U_S_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</a>.</i> 103(14), 2006 Apr 4, S. 5249–5250. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16567650?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16567650</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q6BC81">Swiss-Prot</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&amp;val=48994821">Proteinsequenz</a> der Proteindatenbank <i><a href="Entrez_Gene" title="Entrez Gene">Entrez Gene</a></i></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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